The pearl gourami, scientifically known as Trichopodus leerii, is a popular freshwater fish species that belongs to the gourami family, Osphronemidae. It is native to Southeast Asia, particularly found in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Pearl gouramis are widely sought after in the aquarium hobby due to their beautiful appearance and peaceful nature.
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Appearance: Pearl gouramis have a distinctive and elegant appearance. They have an elongated body shape with a slightly pointed head. Their scales are pearly white or silver, hence the name "pearl" gourami. The scales have a shimmering effect, creating a beautiful iridescent look. The males often have a deeper and more intense coloration than the females, and they develop elongated dorsal fins.
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Size: Pearl gouramis are considered medium-sized gouramis. On average, they reach a length of about 3 to 4 inches (7.5 to 10 cm) in captivity, with males being slightly larger than females.
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Behavior: Pearl gouramis are generally peaceful and suitable for community aquariums. They are known for their calm temperament and can coexist with other peaceful fish species. However, it's best to avoid keeping them with aggressive or fin-nipping fish. They are also labyrinth fish, which means they possess a specialized organ that allows them to breathe atmospheric air, enabling them to survive in oxygen-depleted water.
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Habitat and Tank Requirements: In the wild, pearl gouramis inhabit slow-moving rivers, streams, and shallow lakes with dense vegetation. In captivity, they appreciate a well-planted aquarium that mimics their natural habitat. Providing floating plants, such as Amazon frogbit or water lettuce, creates shaded areas and helps make them feel secure. The tank should be at least 20 gallons (75 liters) in size to accommodate a small group of pearl gouramis.
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Water Parameters: Pearl gouramis prefer slightly acidic to neutral water conditions. The optimal temperature range for them is around 77-82°F (25-28°C), and the pH should be maintained between 6.0 and 7.5. Good filtration and regular water changes are important for their overall health and well-being.
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Feeding: Pearl gouramis are omnivorous and have a diverse diet in the wild. In captivity, they readily accept a variety of foods, including high-quality pellets, flakes, freeze-dried or frozen foods, such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia. It's beneficial to supplement their diet with some vegetable matter, like blanched spinach or spirulina-based foods.
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Breeding: Pearl gouramis are bubble nest builders and can be bred in captivity. To encourage breeding, a separate breeding tank with floating plants, dim lighting, and warm water conditions is ideal. The male builds a bubble nest at the water's surface, and after courtship, the female lays her eggs in the nest. The male guards the nest and tends to the eggs and fry until they are free-swimming.
Pearl gouramis are generally hardy and adaptable, making them suitable for both beginner and experienced aquarists. Their stunning appearance, peaceful nature, and interesting behaviors make them a popular choice for community aquariums.
