**Corydoras pulcher**, commonly referred to as Cory pulcher" is a peaceful freshwater catfish species belonging to the family Callichthyidae. Native to the rivers and streams of South America, particularly in the tributaries of the upper Rio Meta basin in Colombia, this Corydoras species is prized among aquarium enthusiasts for its stunning appearance and easy-going temperament.
### Appearance
Cory pulcher stands out for its intricate coloration and patterning. Its body is typically a pale silver or off-white color, adorned with a complex network of dark spots and lines. These markings can sometimes take on an almost maze-like pattern, giving it a unique aesthetic compared to other Corydoras species. Its fins are often transparent or slightly tinted with shades of yellow or bronze, adding to its elegance. Like other Corydoras, Cory pulcher possesses the characteristic flattened ventral surface, allowing it to rest on the substrate, and its barbels (whisker-like appendages) help it navigate and search for food.
### Size
Cory pulcher is relatively large , reaching about 2.5-3” inches (7-8.5 cm) in length when fully grown. This compact size makes it ideal for smaller or community freshwater aquariums.
### Behavior and Temperament
Corydoras pulcher is a peaceful, schooling fish, typically thriving in groups of five or more. They are highly social creatures, displaying more natural behaviors when kept with their own kind. As bottom-dwellers, they spend most of their time foraging along the substrate, using their sensitive barbels to detect food. Their non-aggressive nature makes them excellent tankmates for a wide variety of other peaceful fish species, such as tetras, rasboras, and small gouramis.
These fish are also known for their unique ability to gulp air from the surface. Like other Corydoras species, Cory pulcher has a modified intestine that allows it to take in oxygen from the air, an adaptation for surviving in low-oxygen environments.
### Habitat and Tank Requirements
In the wild, Corydoras pulcher inhabits soft, sandy river bottoms in clear, slow-moving water. In captivity, they prefer tanks that replicate their natural environment. Here's a list of key tank requirements for keeping them healthy:
1. **Tank Size**: A minimum of 20 gallons (75 liters) is recommended for a small group of Corydoras pulcher.
2. **Substrate**: A fine, soft sand substrate is ideal, as these fish are bottom-dwellers that constantly sift through the sand for food. Sharp gravel can damage their barbels.
3. **Water Parameters**:
- Temperature: 72-79°F (22-26°C)
- pH: 6.0-7.5
- Hardness: Soft to moderately hard (2-12 dGH)
- They thrive in well-oxygenated, clean water with a gentle current.
4. **Decor**: Provide hiding spots using driftwood, rocks, and plants. They enjoy shaded areas and caves, but also need open swimming spaces.
5. **Filtration**: High water quality is essential for their well-being, so an efficient filtration system is important. However, avoid strong currents, as they prefer calmer waters.
### Diet
Corydoras pulcher is an omnivore, with a particular inclination toward scavenging. They will readily accept high-quality sinking pellets, wafers, and flake foods designed for bottom feeders. In addition, their diet should be supplemented with frozen or live foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, daphnia, and other protein-rich items. These fish are effective at cleaning up leftover food that falls to the tank bottom, but they should not be relied upon as the sole "clean-up crew" in a tank.
### Breeding
Breeding Corydoras pulcher in captivity is possible and follows a similar pattern to other Corydoras species. They are egg layers, and spawning is typically triggered by simulating the rainy season, which can be done by performing cooler water changes and increasing aeration in the tank. Once a pair is ready, the female will lay her eggs on a flat surface, often plant leaves or the aquarium glass. The eggs typically hatch within 3-5 days, depending on the temperature. Fry should be fed finely crushed flake food, microworms, or baby brine shrimp.
### Common Health Issues
Corydoras pulcher, like other Corydoras species, is generally hardy but can be sensitive to poor water conditions. They are prone to infections and damage to their barbels if the substrate is too rough or if water quality is neglected. Regular water changes and tank maintenance are essential to keeping them healthy.
### Tank Mates
Due to their peaceful nature, Corydoras pulcher does well in community tanks with other non-aggressive species. Some ideal tank mates include:
- Small tetras (like Neon Tetras or Cardinal Tetras)
- Rasboras
- Dwarf gouramis
- Other Corydoras species
- Peaceful dwarf cichlids (such as Apistogramma)
Avoid housing them with large, aggressive fish that could harass or outcompete them for food.
### Summary
Corydoras pulcher is an elegant and peaceful species perfect for community aquariums. With its striking patterns, easy-going nature, and simple care requirements, it is a great choice for both beginner and experienced aquarists. By providing the right environment, diet, and tank mates, Cory pulcher will thrive and add beauty and activity to any freshwater setup.
