Synodontis decorus, commonly known as the Clown Squeaker or Decorus Catfish, is a distinctive species within the Mochokidae family, indigenous to the Congo River Basin in Central Africa. This species is renowned for its striking appearance and unique behaviors, making it a favored choice among aquarium enthusiasts.

Physical Characteristics:

Synodontis decorus is characterized by its elongated body adorned with a series of bold, irregular dark spots against a lighter background, giving it a decorative appearance. A notable feature is the extended dorsal fin ray, often referred to as a “pennant,” which can be as long as the body itself. The caudal (tail) fin is distinctly forked and displays contrasting stripes, enhancing its visual appeal. In their natural habitat, adult S. decorus typically live in groups of 10-50 individuals, while juveniles up to about 8 cm long are solitary.  This species can grow up to 30 centimeters (approximately 12 inches) in length, necessitating spacious aquariums to accommodate their size. 

Habitat and Behavior:

In the wild, Synodontis decorus inhabits the Congo Basin, favoring river environments that do not have strong currents.  They are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day, which is somewhat uncommon among catfish species. They are known to be peaceful but can exhibit territorial behavior, especially during feeding times or when establishing a pecking order within groups. Providing ample hiding spots and a well-structured environment can help mitigate potential conflicts. 

Aquarium Care:

To maintain Synodontis decorus in captivity, it is essential to replicate their natural environment as closely as possible. A minimum aquarium size of 200 liters (approximately 50 gallons) is recommended to accommodate their potential growth.  The tank should be furnished with fine gravel substrates, bogwood, and sturdy plants to provide necessary cover and mimic their natural habitat.  They thrive in water temperatures ranging from 22°C to 28°C (71.6°F to 82.4°F) with a pH of 6.5 to 7.8.  Adequate aeration is crucial, as they require well-oxygenated water to maintain optimal health.

Diet:

Synodontis decorus is omnivorous and exhibits a robust appetite in captivity. They readily accept a variety of foods, including high-quality flake foods, sinking catfish pellets, and frozen or live foods such as bloodworms and brine shrimp. Incorporating vegetable matter into their diet is beneficial, as they consume plant material in the wild.  Offering a balanced diet that includes both protein-rich and plant-based foods will promote their overall health and vibrant coloration.

Compatibility:

Synodontis decorus is generally peaceful and can coexist with a variety of tank mates. However, it is advisable to avoid housing them with very small fish that could be perceived as prey. They are compatible with larger Tetras and most African Cichlids of similar size.  Providing ample hiding spots and a well-structured environment can help mitigate potential conflicts.

Breeding:

Breeding Synodontis decorus in captivity is challenging and has not been widely documented. In their natural habitat, they are believed to spawn during the rainy season, scattering sticky, dark-colored eggs over vegetation and the substrate without exhibiting parental care.  Replicating these conditions in an aquarium setting is difficult, and successful breeding is rare.